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Ecology

Ecological processes in dry forests are strongly seasonal, and net primary productivity is lower than in rain forests because growth only takes place during the wet season. There is a build-up of leaf litter during the dry season caused by leaf-fall of the majority of trees followed by sunlight penetration to the forest floor and consequent cessation of decomposition in the low relative humidity. Flowering and fruiting phenologies are strongly seasonal, and many species flower synchronously at the transition between the dry and wet seasons whilst the trees are still leafless. In contrast to rain forests, conspicuous flowers and wind-dispersed fruits and seeds are frequent.